• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    waste heat recovery system with partial recovery. The present invention relates to a waste heat recovery apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine which includes a working fluid circuit having a first heating line and a second heating line parallel to the first heating line, a first heat exchanger on the first operatively connected heating line to transfer heat energy to the working fluid from a waste exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, a second heat exchanger on the operatively connected second heating line for transferring heat energy to the working fluid from the internal combustion engine exhaust gas recirculation, and an operatively connected recuperative heat exchanger for transferring heat energy to the working fluid in the first heating line from the working fluid at a junction of an expander output and a condenser inlet. sator. in accordance with the present invention, the first heating line and the second heating line include a split junction upstream of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and a combination junction downstream of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
    公开号:BR112013000862B1
    申请号:R112013000862-8
    申请日:2011-07-14
    公开日:2021-07-13
    发明作者:John Gibble；Arne Andersson
    申请人:Mack Trucks, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    The present invention relates to Waste Heal Recovery (WHR) systems coupled with internal combustion engines e. more specifically, to an apparatus and method for improving heat energy recovery from the working fluid of a WHR system. OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE AND SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    Waste heat recovery systems can be made available to use energy in exhaust gases that would otherwise be lost. When incorporated into a vehicle with a manual combustion engine, waste heat recovery systems add certain advantages. For example, the waste heat recovery system can be designed to recover heat from the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system, which reduces the cooling load on the engine cooling system. .
    In addition, a waste heat recovery system can extract useful energy from the exhaust gas leaving the tailpipe or exhaust exhaust, which would otherwise be lost to the environment.
    The present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving waste heat recovery from an internal combustion engine exhaust. Additional energy recovery improves overall system efficiency.
    In addition, in accordance with one aspect, the present invention improves the operation of the waste heat recovery system itself, for example. by reducing the cooling load on a waste heat recovery system condenser.
    Additionally, by pre-heating the working fluid before it enters an exhaust gas heat exchanger, the exhaust gas remains at a higher temperature, preventing condensation in an exhaust gas stream.
    A waste heat recovery apparatus for an internal combustion engine may include a working fluid circuit to which are connected: an expander for converting heat energy to mechanical energy or electrical energy, a condenser, a pump for moving the engine. working fluid through the circuit, and a first heat exchanger for transferring heat from the internal combustion engine exhaust to the working fluid.
    In accordance with the present invention, the working fluid circuit includes a first heating line and a second heating line in parallel with the first heating line. A first heat exchanger or boiler (boiler) 15 is connected to the first heating line and operatively connected to an exhaust conduit carrying exhaust gas to an exhaust exhaust or exhaust nozzle.
    A second heat exchanger is provided in the second heating line by connecting the working fluid circuit to a recirculating exhaust gas cooler (cooler) configured to transfer heat to the working fluid from the exhaust gas being recirculated to the engine air intake (inlet).
    A valve downstream of the pump and responsive to an enthalpy demand from the waste heat recovery system controls the flow and distribution of working fluid to the first heating line and the second heating line.
    Alternatively, a pump can be positioned over each of the first heating lines and the second heating lines, both pumps downstream of a junction where the working fluid circuit branches into the two heating lines, each pump being responsively controlled to the enthalpy demand 30 of the system to pump a flow of working fluid to the respective heating line. Pumps can be variable speed pumps or variable output pumps. Alternately, each of the first heating line and the second heating line may include a bypass arrangement, including a bypass line and valve, for carrying a portion of or all of the output. pump and return it to the condenser, to the pump inlet, or to a reservoir tank.
    Enthalpy demand takes into account the output demand of the waste heat recovery system, the heat energy from the engine exhaust, and internal system limitations such as a working fluid temperature limit. heat rejection load on the condenser, and other such factors will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a recuperative heat exchanger is operatively connected to transfer heat from the working fluid at the junction of the expander output and condenser inlet (a higher temperature, lower pressure location ) to the first heating line upstream of the first heat exchanger (a lower temperature, higher pressure location).
    Advantageously, the recuperative heat exchanger recycles some of the heat that would otherwise be rejected through the condenser as waste heat; therefore, one effect of the recuperative heat exchanger is to increase the overall energy conversion efficiency.
    In addition, the recuperative heat exchanger removes heat energy from the working fluid that would otherwise have to be removed by the condenser, thereby decreasing (lowering) the cooling demand on the condenser.
    In describing the present invention, the apparatus and method are described in connection with a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery apparatus, but it should be understood that the present invention applies to other waste heat recovery or recovery devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    The present invention will be better understood by reference to the description in greater detail below read in conjunction with the accompanying Drawing Figures. In the Drawings of the accompanying Figures:
    Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a waste heat recovery apparatus, in accordance with the present invention, shown connected to an internal combustion engine:
    Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment 10 of a waste heat recovery apparatus in accordance with the present invention shown connected to an internal combustion engine.
    The Figure Drawings are only schematic/diagrammatic representations and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments depicted therein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    Figure 1, subsequently, shows as an example of an application of the present invention, a waste heat recovery apparatus (10) in accordance with the Rankine cycle for an internal combustion engine (100). The present invention is shown in conjunction with a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery apparatus. However, the shown and described embodiment of the present invention is meant to be illustrative and not limiting; the present invention can be applied to other waste heat recovery apparatus and cycles, for example, thermoelectric, from Ericsson. or other cogeneration cycles (energy and heating).
    The internal combustion engine (100) includes an inlet (inlet) manifold (102) and an exhaust (outlet) manifold (104). A portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated to the inlet manifold (102) by an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system including an EGR valve (110). an EGR cooler (112). and return line (114) connecting to the inlet manifold (102). Fresh air is supplied to the inlet manifold (102) through the inlet line (106). which can be supplied by a turbocharger (not shown), as is well known in the prior art.
    The EGR valve (110) also controls the flow of exhaust gases to an exhaust conduit (16). for example, an exhaust or exhaust tip, from which wasted exhaust gas is released into the environment.
    The internal combustion engine (100) may also include, as mentioned, a turbocharger driven by the exhaust gas. Other devices can be included, for example, a compost turbine driven by exhaust gas to generate electrical energy. The internal combustion engine (100) may also include an exhaust aftertreatment system (118) to, for example, convert NOx and remove particulate matter or unburned hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas before it comes. to be released into the environment.
    The waste heat recovery apparatus (10), as shown in this exemplary embodiment, is a closed loop system in which a working fluid is compressed, heated by the exhaust gas, and expanded to recover heat energy.
    The waste heat recovery apparatus (10) as shown includes a working fluid circuit (12). formed as a closed circuit through which a working fluid is circulated. An expander (14) is connected over the working fluid circuit (12) to be pulled by the working fluid to convert 25 heat energy in the working fluid into mechanical energy. An output shaft (16) can be connected to drive an electric generator or connected to provide torque to the engine. The expander (14) can be a turbine as illustrated, or a scroll (volute) expander, a thermoelectric converter, or other device that is capable of recovering heat energy from a working fluid. A condenser (20) is connected over the working fluid circuit (12) to receive working fluid leaving the expander (14). The condenser (20) cools and condenses the working fluid. A condenser cooler (loop) circuit (22) is connected to transport out from the condenser (20) heat transferred from the working fluid to a coolant fluid. The condenser cooler circuit (22) may conveniently connect to the vehicle refrigeration system, ie. the radiator, or another cooling system.
    A pump (24) receives the condensed working fluid leaving the condenser (20) and pumps the working fluid to the heating side of the working fluid circuit (12) where the working fluid is heated.
    The heating side of the working fluid circuit (12) includes a first heating line (30) and a second heating line (32) arranged in parallel. The first heating line (30) and second heating line (32) branch into a split junction over which a valve (34) is connected which controls the flow of working fluid to the heating lines. The valve (34) can selectively direct the flow to one heating line or split the flow to both of the heating lines (30, 32), responsive to system demands and limitations, described in more detail later. The heating lines (30,32) come together at a combination junction (18) into a single line 20 (13) that connects to an inlet (inlet) of the expander (14).
    Figure 2 illustrates an alternative arrangement in which the valve (34) is omitted and each of the heating lines includes a pump to control the flow and pump working fluid into that line. A first pump (26) is positioned on the first heating line (30) and a second pump (28) is positioned on the second heating line (32). The working fluid circuit (12) splits at a first split junction (29) to the first heating line (30) and to the second heating line (32) upstream of the pumps (26, 28). The pumps (26, 28) can be variable output pumps or variable speed pumps to control the flow of working fluid (12) to the heating lines (30, 32). The pumps (26, 30 28) can be controlled to selectively direct heating fluid to one heating line or to split the flow to both heating lines (30, 32). Alternatively, the flow of working fluid can be controlled using bypass arrangements, including a bypass line and valve, included in each of the first heating lines at (30) and the second heating line (32). It should be understood that the dual pump arrangement of Figure 2 can be used in the embodiment of Figure 1 and that the pump and valve arrangement of Figure 1 can be used in the embodiment of Figure 2.
    The first heating line (30) is operatively connected to a boiler (boiler) (36) or heat exchanger that transfers heat from the wasted engine exhaust gas that will be released to the environment. The exhaust gas is led to the boiler (boiler)(36) by a circuit (loop)(38) controlled by a valve (40) in the exhaust conduit (116).
    The second heating line (32), parallel to the first heating line (30), branches into valve (34) and is operatively connected to the EGR cooler (112) for heat transfer from the EGR gas for the working fluid (12). The EGR cooler (112) acts as a boiler (boiler) (36) for the working fluid (12) in the second heating line (32). The working fluid (12) flows in the first heating line (30) and the second heating line (32), heated by the exhaust boiler (36) and the EGR cooler (112). respectively, it is combined at the combination joint (29) in the line (13) and directed towards the expander (14).
    By using separate heating lines, the working fluid used for heat energy recovery from the EGR cooler (112), which cools the EGR gas, is at a lower temperature as it enters the EGR cooler than it should be if the working fluid were heated by the exhaust gases in the exhaust gas boiler (36) prior to entering the EGR cooler. This presents the advantage of more effective operation of the EGR cooler (112).
    The working fluid leaving the expander (14) is at a temperature significantly higher than the condensing temperature of the working fluid (12). for example, in the illustrated waste heat recovery apparatus it may be around 100°C higher than the condensing temperature. This heat energy has to be removed from the working fluid (12). and in the apparatus in Figure 1. the heat load is transferred to the condenser heat exchanger (22) and is not recovered.
    Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment in accordance with the present invention in which some heat energy in the working fluid after expansion in the expander (14) is recovered. Figure 2 also shows an alternative arrangement 10 for dividing the working fluid flow for the first heating line (30) and the second heating line (32) as described above. Figure 2 otherwise includes all of the other components of the engine (100) and waste heat recovery system (10), also as described above, which will not be repeated here.
    In accordance with the embodiment shown in Figure 2, a recuperative heat transfer apparatus (50), or recuperator. is operatively connected to the working fluid circuit (12) downstream of the expander outlet (14) and upstream of the condenser inlet (20) to recover heat from the working fluid before the working fluid flows through the condenser (20). The recuperator (50) can be configured as a heat exchanger or as any other device that is capable of transferring heat from one stream to another stream. The recuperator (50) is connected to deliver heat energy from the expanded working fluid to the working fluid downstream of the condenser (20) and to the first heating line (30). In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the first heating line (30) is directed to the stove (50) prior to connection to the exhaust gas heat exchanger (36).
    Heat transfer by the stove (50) advantageously reduces the cooling demand on the condenser (20). In addition, the working fluid (12) in the first heating line (30) is preheated before entering the boiler (boiler) 3Q (36). which improves the power quality of the working fluid (12) in the first line of heating (30) and heat recovery from the exhaust gas conduit (116). The higher temperature of working fluid (12) entering the boiler (hoiler) (36) also has the advantage that the exhaust gas leaving the exhaust (16) of the truck is less preferable to be cooled to condensing temperatures.
    Due to the fact that the additionally heated working fluid is only added to the first heating line, not to the second heating line including the EGR cooler. the working fluid is not overheated in the EGR cooler and the EGR cooler can more readily cool the EGR gas to the desired temperature or target temperature for use by the engine.
    The present invention has been described in terms of principles, embodiments, and 10 preferred components used; however, those skilled in the art will understand that many substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention as defined by the accompanying patent claims thereafter.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [0001]
    1. A waste heat recovery apparatus (10) for use with an internal combustion engine (100), said apparatus comprising: - a working fluid circuit (12); - an expander (14) connected to the working fluid circuit (12) for receiving working fluid; - a condenser (20) connected to the working fluid circuit (12) for receiving the working fluid from the expander (14); - a first heating line (30) in the working fluid circuit (12) including a first heat exchanger (36) operatively connected to transfer heat energy to the working fluid from a waste exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine (100); - a second heating line (32) in the working fluid circuit (12) parallel to the first heating line (30) and having a second heat exchanger operatively connected to transfer heat energy to the working fluid from an internal combustion engine exhaust gas recirculation cooler (100); - wherein the first heating line (30) and the second heating line (32) include a split junction upstream of the first heat exchanger (36) and the second heat exchanger and a combination junction (18) to the downstream of the first heat exchanger (36) and the second heat exchanger, - wherein the first and second heating lines (30, 32) meet at the combination junction (18) in a single connecting line (13) operatively to an inlet of the expander (14), - wherein the expander (14) has an outlet through which working fluid exits the expander (14), - the waste heat recovery apparatus (10) also comprising a recuperator (50 ) operatively connected to transfer heat energy from the working fluid leaving the expander (14) to the working fluid in the first heating line (30), characterized in that the waste heat recovery apparatus (10) comprises a valve (34) connected at split junction for control There is a flow of working fluid selectively to at least one of the first heating line (30) and the second heating line (32).
    [0002]
    2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the recuperator (50) is operatively connected to receive heat energy from the working fluid in the working fluid circuit (12) between the condenser (20) and the expander (14) and is operatively connected to deliver heat energy to the working fluid in the first heating line (30) upstream of the first heat exchanger (36).
    [0003]
    3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first heating line (30) is directed to the stove (50) before connecting with the first heat exchanger (36).
    [0004]
    4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a pump (24) is operatively connected to receive condensed working fluid exiting the condenser (20) and pump the working fluid to a line of heating the working fluid circuit (12).
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-11-19| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-24| B08F| Application fees: application dismissed [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE A 9A ANUIDADE. |
    2021-01-12| B08G| Application fees: restoration [chapter 8.7 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-04| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US36420110P| true| 2010-07-14|2010-07-14|
    US61/364,201|2010-07-14|
    PCT/US2011/043994|WO2012009526A1|2010-07-14|2011-07-14|Waste heat recovery system with partial recuperation|
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